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The station is managed by the Observatoire de la Zone Critique de la Réunion (OZC-R) from Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion, Université de La Réunion). This is a forest station located at 1285m asl in the Reunion National Park. Rainwater is monthly collected (PALMEX rain collector) for δ18O and δ2H water isotopes analysis from 2016. Analyses are carried out at the Institut de Physique du Globe in Paris (PARI analytical platform) and within the IR-OZCAR network. The major ions rainfall composition is also studied. The station also measures several meteorological variables outside the canopy (precipitation, atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, global and photosynthetically active radiation) but also humidity linked to clouds and fog, as well as ground temperature.
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Le projet MAP-IO vise à effectuer des observations atmosphériques et de biologie marine sur le long terme dans la région de l’ouest de l’océan Indien. Ces données seront bancarisées en open-source à la fois dans les réseaux internationaux (ICOS, ACTRIS) qui sont utilisés pour initialiser et valider les modèles climatiques du GIEC et les satelittes et sur la base de données GeOSUR dédiée à la recherche et à l’ensemble des acteurs du territoire. Elles permettront d’avancer sur notre compréhension des échanges océan-atmosphère, sur la pollution régionale et sur les mécanismes chimiques en permettant d’améliorer et d’adapter les paramétrisations utilisées dans les modèles numériques de prévision du temps et de climat sur la région ouest de l’océan Indien. La stratégie de MAP-IO s’inscrit dans la continuité et la valorisation des investissements de la région Réunion en renforçant les bases de données des programmes scientifiques ReNovRisk Cyclones et Changement Climatique (INTERREG V) et UV-INDIEN (INTERREG V) et l’infrastructure « Observatoire du Maïdo » (FEDER). MAP-IO viendra renforcer la place de la Réunion dans les grandes infrastructures de recherches Européenne ACTRIS (http://www.actris.fr/) et ICOS (https://www.icos-france.fr/). A terme, l’objectif est de faire de La Réunion un hub de surveillance du climat et des changements globaux de niveau international permettant une percolation des produits de recherche vers l’activité économique et sociétal du territoire. MAP-IO s’inscrit également dans une action forte de La Réunion pour la croissance bleue dans les DOM (livre bleu de l’outre-mer, 2018). MAP-IO se positionne dès à présent dans les lignes directrices de la mission 3 du programme Horizon Europe (2021-2027) « Santé des océans et des eaux naturelles » et au sein des partenariats institutionnels du domaine 3 « Leadership européen dans le domaine de la métrologie, y compris un système intégré de métrologie ». Ce positionnement ouvrira des nouvelles opportunités de réponses des scientifiques de La Réunion aux appels d’offres au programme européen pour la recherche et l'innovation (Horizon Europe). Questions de recherche L’objectif du projet MAP-IO est d’étudier la composition de l’atmosphère et les processus océan-atmosphère ayant un impact sur le climat régional et la prévision numérique du temps. Ce programme scientifique s’appuie sur la bancarisation de données océaniques et atmosphériques en équipant le navire Marion Dufresne de plusieurs systèmes de mesure de l’atmosphère pérennes et autonomes. Ces systèmes d’observations ont cinq buts principaux: - Documenter l’état de surface océanique et la composition biologique en phytoplancton ; données permettant de participer à la calibration des données satellites et à la validation des modèles océaniques et biologiques sur l’océan Indien et austral. - Surveiller les changements atmosphériques globaux en particulier dans la région de l’océan Indien très faiblement documentée (réseaux NDACC, ACTRIS, ICOS). Bancariser les données en open data. - Étudier les transports de masses d’air et la redistribution des aérosols et des composés chimiques dans la troposphère et la stratosphère (programmes IGAC et SPARC). - Documenter les émissions de gaz et d’aérosols marins pour les modèles atmosphériques de prévision numérique ou de climat (programme SOLAS). - Renforcer les réseaux régionaux d’observation du changement climatique régional déployés dans le cadre des programmes ReNovRisk Cyclones et Changement Climatique (INTERREG-V), IOGA4MET (TAAF, AAP Iles Eparses) et UV-indien (INTERREG-V). Actions et méthodes scientifiques Le programme MAP-IO s’est construit autour de deux fiches actions. La fiche action 1 « amélioration de la connaissance » correspond aux études scientifiques qui seront abordées à partir des observations à bord du Marion Dufresne pendant 24 mois. Elle sont déclinés en 5 sous actions. - 1.1 : Distribution spatiale et hétérogénéité structurelle des groupes fonctionnels du phytoplancton et du microzooplancton, couplage avec les images satellite de couleur de l’eau. Mise en œuvre d’un cytomètre en flux. - 1.2 : Échanges océan-atmosphère: aérosols marins et composition de la couche limite marine. Mise en œuvre de mesures in-situ de gaz et d’aérosols. - 1.3 : Climatologie et variabilité des rayonnements UV et de l’ozone dans l’Océan Indien. Mise en œuvre de mesures UV A,B et C et de colonne intégrée d’ozone. - 1.4 : Étude des panaches d’aérosols issus des feux de biomasse et en provenance du Sud de l’Afrique, de l’Amérique du Sud et de l’Asie du Sud-Est. Mise en œuvre d’un photomètre solaire/lunaire pour l’épaisseur optique des aérosols. - 1.5 : Surveillance du champ de vapeur d’eau à l’échelle du bassin SOOI. Mise en œuvre d’un GNSS. La fiche action 2 correspond au management et à la valorisation du programme. Cette action intègre la (i) coordination et la gestion administrative et financière du programme et (ii) une conférence de restitution du programme et d’organisation d’un modèle économique de fonctionnement perenne de MAP-IO. Partenaires MAP-IO intègre une équipe de 17 scientifiques de haut niveau, responsables notamment de plusieurs services nationaux d’observation de l’atmosphère tels que NDACC, CLAP et PHOTON et bien intégrés au sein des infrastructures de recherche Européenne ACTRIS et ICOS. Dans ce cadre MAP-IO permettra de renforcer les liens collaboratifs entre scientifiques issus de 7 laboratoires de métropole et ceux de l’université de La Réunion. Ce réseau de scientifique pourra se densifier si l’université de La Réunion et ses partenaires au travers de MAP-IO montrent leur capacité à maintenir sur le long terme ces observations régulières uniques au monde.
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The overall objective of the ESPOIRS project is to obtain a better understanding of the variability, statistical properties and formation mechanisms of intense tropical precipitation at regional and local scales. ESPOIRS is thus interested in the entire life cycle of precipitation at several space-time scales. * Through the analysis of the distribution of the large-scale humidity field which drives the formation of precipitation at the regional scale using a GNSS network. * Through the characterization of internal (dynamics, microphysics) and external (interactions with the relief) processes, which drive the formation and life cycle of extreme weather events at the local scale => transportable Polarized Doppler X-band precipitation radar.
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Elevational Transect on the East side of the Piton des Neiges. Implementation of small permanents plots every 200 m of height between 350 m and 2950 m. Differents biotics and abiotics parameters are observed on plots: - Climatic variables (T, RH) - Physico-chemical analyses of grounds - Vegetation and arthropods inventories...
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Piezometer measurements in watershed "Rivière des Pluies", Reunion Island Continuous measures in groundwater: - Level water (systematically) - Temperature (sometimes) - Conductivity (sometimes) Laboratoire Géosciences Réunion – IPGP
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The dataset of the first observatory from the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR) located in an insular tropical and volcanic context, integrating a “Tropical Montane Cloud Forest”: The ERORUN-STAFOR observatory. This collaborative observatory is located in the northern part of La Réunion island (Indian Ocean) within the watershed of Rivière des Pluies (45.0 km²) which hosts the TMCF of Plaines des Fougères, one of the best preserved natural habitats in La Réunion Island. Since 2015, the ERORUN-STAFOR monitoring in collaboration with local partners collected a multidisciplinary dataset with a constant improvement of the instrumentation over time. At the watershed scale and in its vicinity, the ERORUN-STAFOR observatory includes 10 measurement stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream part of the watershed. The stations record a total of 48 different variables through continuous (sensors) or periodic (sampling) monitoring. The dataset consists of continuous time series variables related to (i) meteorology, including precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, net radiation, atmospheric pressure, cloud water flux, irradiance, leaf wetness and soil temperature (ii) hydrology, including water level and temperature, discharge and electrical conductivity (EC) of stream, (iii) hydrogeology, including groundwater level, water temperature and EC in two piezometers and one groundwater gallery completed by soil moisture measurements under the canopy. The dataset is completed by periodic time series variables related to (iv) hydrogeochemistry, including field parameters and water analysis results. The periodic sampling survey provides chemical and isotopic compositions of rainfall, groundwater, and stream water at different locations of this watershed. The ERORUN-STAFOR monitoring dataset extends from 2014 to 2022 with an acquisition frequency from 10 min to hourly for the sensor variables and from weekly to monthly frequency for the sampling. Despite the frequent maintenance of the monitoring sites, several data gaps exist due to the remote location of some sites and instrument destruction by cyclones. This observatory is a unique research site in an insular volcanic tropical environment offering three windows of observation for the study of critical zone processes through upstream-midstream-downstream measurements sites. This high-resolution dataset is valuable to assess the response of volcanic tropical watersheds and aquifers at both event and long-term scales (i.e. global change). It will also allow various progress in understanding the significant role of the TMCFs in the recharge processes, the hydrogeological conceptual model of volcanic islands, the watershed hydrosedimentary responses to extreme climatic events and their respective evolution under changing climatic conditions.
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The coastline or shoreline is the geographical boundary between sea and land. It corresponds according to the SHOM to "the leash of the highest seas in the context of an astronomical tide of coefficient 120 and under normal weather conditions (without overcost phenomenon). The coastline as defined above is not directly identifiable continuously on the ground or on a satellite or aerial image. From a perspective of studying the displacement of the shoreline, indicators allow us to approach this notion (the vegetation limit associated with the infrastructure limit, the beach limit, etc.). On the reef shoreline of Reunion Island the limit of vegetation and infrastructure as well as beach limit were retained. This limit results in the production of a line-type vector geographic information layer in a GIS resulting from the photo-interpolation on Pléiades satellite images. Pleiades satellite images from the Kalideos Réunion database (CNES) have been used since 2016 to study the position of the shoreline annually. Launched in 2011, Pléiades is a very high spatial resolution spatial image system (panchromatic optical instrument at 70 cm and 2.8 m multispectral) operating in the visible and near infrared with a swath of 20 km UMR Espace-Dev
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Elevational Transect on the West side of the Piton des Neiges. Implementation of small permanents plots every 200 m of height between 750 and 2350 m. Differents biotics and abiotics parameters are observed on plots: - Climatic variables (T, RH) - Physico-chemical analyses of grounds - Inventories of vegetation, arthropods
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ReefTEMPS is a network created by the IRD, initially covering some twenty territories and island states in the South, South-West and West Pacific. ReefTEMPS-OI is the Indian Ocean version. The network uses temperature, pressure, salinity and other coastal observables to monitor climate change and its effects on coral reefs and their resources over the long term. ReefTEMPS is part of the French national federative Research Infrastructure for coastal ocean and seashore observations named IR I-LICO, accredited as a National Observation Service (SNO) by the CNRS-INSU Ocean-Atmosphere Commission. ReefTEMPS is operated by ENTROPIE since 2019. Previously, it was created and led by GOPS (a consortium of research observatories in the South Pacific) during the period 2010-2017, then coordinated by UMR LEGOS in 2018. ReefTEMPS-OI, its Indian Ocean version, is operated by OSU-Réunion since 2020.
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The ERORUN-STAFOR Observatory Data Management Plan (DMP) is related to the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR) located in an insular tropical and volcanic context, integrating a “Tropical Mountain Cloud Forest '' (TMCF). This collaborative observatory is located in the northern part of Réunion island (Indian Ocean) within the watershed of Rivière des Pluies (45.0 km²) which hosts the TMCF of Plaines des Fougères, one of the best preserved natural habitats in Réunion Island. Since 2015, the ERORUN-STAFOR monitoring in collaboration with local partners collected a multidisciplinary dataset with a constant improvement of the instrumentation over time. At the watershed scale and in its vicinity, the ERORUN-STAFOR Observatory includes 10 measurement stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream part of the watershed. The stations record a total of 48 different variables through continuous (sensors) or periodic (sampling) monitoring. The dataset consists of continuous time series variables related to (i) meteorology, including precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, net radiation, atmospheric pressure, cloud water flux, irradiance, leaf wetness and soil temperature, (ii) hydrology, including water level and temperature, discharge and electrical conductivity of stream, (ii) hydrogeology, including groundwater level, water temperature and electrical conductivity in two piezometers and one groundwater gallery completed by soil moisture measurements under the canopy. The database is completed by periodic time series variables related to (iv) hydrogeochemistry, including field parameters and water analysis results. The periodic sampling survey provides chemical and isotopic compositions of rainfall, groundwater, and stream water at different locations of this watershed. The ERORUN-STAFOR monitoring database extends November 2014 to April 2022 with an acquisition frequency from 10 min to hourly for the sensor variables and from weekly to monthly frequency for the sampling. Despite the frequent maintenance of the monitoring sites, several data gaps exist due to the remote location of some sites and instrument destruction by extreme events such as cyclones. This observatory is a unique research site in an insular volcanic tropical environment offering three windows of observation for the study of critical zone processes through upstream-midstream-downstream measurements sites. This high-resolution database is valuable to assess the response of volcanic tropical watersheds and aquifers at both event and long-term scales (i.e. global change). It will also allow various progress in understanding the significant role of the TMCF in the recharge processes, the hydrogeological conceptual model of volcanic islands, the watershed hydro sedimentary responses to extreme climatic events and their respective evolution under changing climatic conditions.
Geosur